---
title: Thinkers and Historic Figures
description: "## **Islamic Scholars, Thinkers, and Historic Figures** **Note:** The dates are in accordance with the **Islamic calendar (H/AH)** (which starts on July 16, 622 CE, the date of the Messenger’s arrival in Madīnah). The year corresponds to the date of…"
url: "https://majalla.org/ilm/thinkers-and-historic-figures/"
updated: "2025-10-27"
category: Thinkers
tags:
  - Islamic Thought
---

# Thinkers and Historic Figures

## **Islamic Scholars, Thinkers, and Historic Figures**

**Note:** The dates are in accordance with the **Islamic calendar (H/AH)** (which starts on July 16, 622 CE, the date of the Messenger’s arrival in Madīnah). The year corresponds to the date of *death* of each authority (unless otherwise indicated). A short description of each scholar’s specialization is included or one of their major publications is cited in order to remove any discrepancies, given that sometimes more than one person shared the same name and/or the same *kunyah*.

---

**Format: ** *Year - Name of* Scholar or renowned person (*major publication* or title/*description*)

## List of Scholars and Figures by Death Year (AH)

| **Death Year (AH)** | **Name of Scholar or renowned person (major publication or title/description)** |
| --- | --- |
| **11** | Muḥammad (Messenger and Prophet) |
| **13** | Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq (first Caliph) |
| **17** | Mu`āth Ibn Jabal (Companion, Qāḍī) |
| **18** | Abū `Ubaydah Ibn al-Jarrāḥ (Companion) |
| **23** | `Umar Ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (the second Caliph, Companion) |
| **32** | `Abd Allāh Ibn Mas`ūd (Companion) |
| **32** | Abū al-Dardā’ (Ḥadīth transmitter) |
| **35** | Uthmān Ibn `Affān (Caliph/Companion) |
| **37** | `Ammār Ibn Yāsir (Companion) |
| **40** | `Alī Ibn Abī Ṭālib (fourth and last of the Rāshid Caliphs) |
| **45** | Zayd Ibn Thābit (Companion/Qur’ān Ḥāfiẓ) |
| **54** | Usāmah Ibn Zayd (Companion and military Amīr) |
| **58** | `Ā’ishah Bint Abī Bakr al-Ṣiddīq (Prophet’s wife) |
| **58** | Abū Hurayrah (Ḥadīth transmitter) |
| **60** | Mu`āwiyah Ibn Abī Sufyān (First Umayyad Caliph) |
| **68** | Ibn `Abbās (Ḥadīth transmitter) |
| **68** | Abū al-Aswad al-Du'alī (Reformed Arabic script) |
| **73** | `Abd Allāh Ibn`Umar (Companion, son of the second Caliph) |
| **74** | Mālik Ibn Abī `Āmir (Ḥadīth transmitter, Mālik’s grandfather) |
| **78** | Jābir Ibn `Abd Allāh (Companion) |
| **95** | al-Ḥajjāj Ibn Yūsuf (Umayyad governor) |
| **96** | Ibrāhīm al-Nakh`ī (Faqīh from Kūfah) |
| **97** | `Urwah Ibn al-Zubayr (One of the seven fuqahā’ from Madīnah) |
| **101** | `Umar Ibn`Abd al-Azīz (Umayyad Caliph) |
| **104** | Mujāhid (author: *Tafsīr Mujāhid*) |
| **110** | Ibn Sīrīn (Faqīh and ḥadīth transmitter from Baṣrah) |
| **110** | Ṭāwūs (*Tafsīr* and *fiqh* scholar) |
| **122** | Zayd Ibn `Alī (Shi`ite Imām, Zaydī Shi`ites) |
| **131** | Wāṣil Ibn `Aṭā’ (Mu`tazilite thinker from Baṣrah) |
| **136** | Zayd Ibn Aslam (Faqīh from Madīnah) |
| **143** | Yaḥyā Ibn Sa`d al-Anṣārī (Qāḍī and *faqīh* from Madīnah) |
| **148** | Ja`far al-Ṣādiq (Seventh Imam, Ismā`īlī Shi`ites) |
| **150** | Abū Ḥanīfah (“Founder” of the Ḥanafī School of law) |
| **158** | Ismā`īl Ibn Ja`far (Qāḍī and *faqīh* from Madīnah) |
| **160** | Shu`bah Ibn al-Ḥajjāj (collector of ḥadīth) |
| **161** | Sufyān al-Thawrī (Ḥadīth collector) |
| **169** | Nāfi`Ibn`Abd al-Raḥmān Ibn Abī Nu`aym (*qāri’* from Madīnah) |
| **169** | al-Khalīl Ibn Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī (Reformed the writing system) |
| **179** | Mālik Ibn Anas (Author of *al-Muwaṭṭa’*) |
| **181** | Ibn al-Mubārak (*Kitāb al-zuhd wa-‘l-raqā’iq*) |
| **182** | Abū Yūsuf (*Kitāb al-āthār*) |
| **189** | al-Shaybānī, Muḥammad Ibn al-Ḥasan (*faqīh* from Kūfah) |
| **193** | Ziyād Ibn `Abd al-Raḥmān (Transmitter of *Muwaṭṭa’*) |
| **197** | `Abd Allāh Ibn Wahb (*al-Muwaṭṭa’*, *kitāb al-muḥārabah*) |
| **197** | Warsh (Qāri’ of the Qur’ān from Egypt) |
| **198** | Sufyān Ibn `Uyaynah (Ḥadīth scholar) |
| **198** | Yaḥyā Ibn Sa`d al-Qaṭṭān (Ḥadīth scholar) |
| **204** | al-Shāfi`ī (*Kitāb al-umm*) |
| **204** | Ibn al-Kalbī (*Jamharat al-nasab*) |
| **211** | `Abd al-Razzāq al-Ṣan`ānī (*al-Muṣannaf*) |
| **218** | Ibn Hishām (*Sīrat Ibn Hishām*) |
| **220** | Qālūn (Qur’ān reciter from Madīnah) |
| **224** | Abū Ubayd (*Kitāb al-nāsikh wa-‘l-mansūkh*) |
| **230** | Ibn Sa`d (*al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā*) |
| **231** | al-Naẓẓām (Mu`tazilite thinker) |
| **234** | Ibn al-Madīnī (`Ilal al-ḥadīth, Ma`*rifat al-rijāl*) |
| **234** | Yaḥyā Ibn Yaḥyā al-Laythī (Transmitter of *Muwaṭṭa’*) |
| **235** | Ibn Abī Shaybah (*Muṣannaf*) |
| **238** | Ibn Ḥabīb `Abd al-Malik (*al-Wāḍiḥah*) |
| **240** | Suḥnūn (Compiler of *Muwaṭṭa’ Mālik*) |
| **240** | Suwayd al-Ḥadathānī [aka Abū Sa`īd] (Transmitter of *Muwaṭṭa’*) |
| **240** | al-Iskāfī (Mu`tazilite from Baghdād) |
| **241** | Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal (*Musnad*) |
| **254** | Muḥammad al-Mahdī ([Birth date] twelfth Imam, Twelvers Shi`ites) |
| **255** | al-Dāramī (*Sunan*) |
| **256** | al-Jāḥiẓ (Renowned Mu`tazilite literary figure) |
| **256** | al-Bukhārī (*Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī*) |
| **256** | Muḥammad Ibn Suḥnūn (Transmitter of *Muwaṭṭa’*) |
| **261** | Muslim (*al-Jāmi` al-ṣaḥīḥ*) |
| **273** | Ibn Mājah (*Sunan*) |
| **275** | Abū Dāwūd (*Sunan*) |
| **276** | Ibn Qutaybah (*Kitāb ta’wīl mukhtalaf al-ḥadīth*) |
| **277** | al-Fasawī, Abū Yūsuf Ya`qūb Ibn Sufyān (Kitāb al-ma`*rifah*) |
| **279** | al-Tirmidhī (Ḥadīth collector) |
| **298** | Yaḥyā Ibn `Awn (Ḥadīth transmitter) |
| **303** | Abū `Alī al-Jubā’ī (Mu`tazilite scholar debated Ibn Ḥanbal) |
| **303** | al-Nasā’ī (*al-Sunan*) |
| **309** | al-Ḥusayn Ibn Manṣūr (authority on *naskh*) |
| **310** | al-Ṭabarī (*Tafsīr* and *Tārīkh*) |
| **312** | `Abd Allāh Ibn Sulaymān al-Ash`ath (authority on *naskh*) |
| **313** | Muḥammad Ibn Zakkariyā’ al-Rāzī (Ethics and medicine) |
| **317** | al-Zubayr Ibn Aḥmad al-Zubayrī (authority on *naskh*) |
| **324** | Ibn Mujāhid (*Kitāb al-sab`ah fī al-qirā’āt*) |
| **327** | Ibn Abī Ḥātim (*Taqdimatu al-ma`rifah, al-Jarḥ wa-‘l-ta`dīl*) |
| **330** | Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ash`arī (Ash`arite theological school) |
| **333** | Abū al-`Arab M. Ibn Tamīm (Ṭabaqāt`*ulamā’ ifrīqiyyah*) |
| **338** | al-Fārābī (philosophy and ethics) |
| **338** | Aḥmad Ibn M. al-Murādī [al-Naḥḥās] (authority on *naskh*) |
| **354** | Ibn Ḥibbān (*Kitāb al-thiqāt*) |
| **363** | Ibn Muḥammad al-Nu`mān (Da`*ā’im al-islām*) |
| **370** | al-Jaṣṣāṣ (*Aḥkām al-qur’ān*) |
| **377** | al-Ḥasan Ibn `Abd al-Ghaffār al-Fārisī (*al-Ḥujjah*) |
| **381** | Ibn Mihrān al-Isbahānī (*al-Mabsūṭ fī al-qirā’āt al-`ashrah*) |
| **386** | Ibn Abī Zayd al-Qayrawānī (*Kitāb al-jāmi`*) |
| **403** | Abū Bakr al-Bāqillānī (*Nukat al-intiṣār linaql al-qur’ān*) |
| **428** | Ibn Sīnā (Philosophy, medicine, and ethics) |
| **429** | Baghdādī, Abū Manṣūr (*Uṣūl al-dīn*) |
| **430** | Abū Nu`aym (*Ḥilyat al-awliyā’*) |
| **437** | Makkī Ibn Abī Ṭālib (*al-Nāsikh wa’l-mansūkh*) |
| **444** | al-Dānī (*al-Muḥkam fī naqt al-maṣāḥif*) |
| **456** | Ibn Ḥazm (*Jamharat ansāb al-`arab*) |
| **463** | al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī (*Taqyīd al-`ilm*) |
| **463** | Ibn `Abd al-Bārr (*al-Intiqā’ fī faḍā’il al-a’immah*) |
| **464** | Abū Bakr Abd Allāh Ibn Muḥammad al-Mālikī (*Riyāḍ al-nufūs*) |
| **468** | al-Wāḥidī (Qur’ān commentator) |
| **474** | al-Bājī (*Iḥkām al-fuṣūl fī aḥkām al-uṣūl*) |
| **475** | Ibn Khālawayh (*Mukhtaṣar fī shawādhdh al-qur’ān*) |
| **475** | Ibn Mākūlā (*al-Ikmāl*) |
| **478** | al-Juwaynī (*al-Shāmil fī uṣūl al-dīn*) |
| **483** | al-Sarakhṣī (*al-Mabṣūṭ*) |
| **520** | Ibn Rushd al-Qurṭubī —al-Jadd (*al-Bayān wa-’l-taḥṣīl*) |
| **543** | Ibn al-`Arabī (*Aḥkām al-qur’ān*) |
| **562** | al-Sam`ānī (*al-Ansāb*) |
| **571** | Ibn `Asākir (*Tārīkh dimashq*) |
| **593** | al-Marghīnānī (*al-Hidāyah* and *Sharḥ bidāyat al-mubtadī*) |
| **595** | Ibn Rushd al-Qurṭubī—al-Ḥafīd (*Bidāyat al-mujtahid*) |
| **597** | Ibn al-Jawzī (*Manāqib `Umar Ibn`Abd al-`Azīz*) |
| **630** | Ibn al-Athīr (*al-Kāmil fī al-tārīkh*) |
| **631** | Āmidī (jurisprudence scholar) |
| **676** | al-Nawawī (*Tahdhīb al-asmā’*) |
| **681** | Ibn Khallikān (*Wafayāt al-a`yān*) |
| **684** | al-Qarafī (*al-Dhakhīrah*) |
| **685** | al-Bayḍāwī (*Anwār al-tanzīl wa-asrār al-ta’wīl*) |
| **700** | Niẓām al-Dīn Ibn Muḥammad al-Nīsābūrī (*Gharā’b al-qur’ān*) |
| **711** | Ibn Manẓūr (*Lisān al-`arab*) |
| **728** | Ibn Taymiyyah (*Ṣiḥḥat uṣūl madhhab*) |
| **738** | Yaḥyā Ibn `Abd Allāh al-Wāsiṭī (*al-Nāsikh wa al-mansūkh*) |
| **741** | Ibn Juzayy (*al-Qawānīn al-fiqhiyyah*) |
| **751** | Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah (*A`lām al-muwaqqi`īn*) |
| **774** | Ibn Kathīr (*al-Bidāyah wa’l-nihāyah*) |
| **776** | Khalīl Ibn Isḥāq (*al-Mukhtaṣar*) |
| **790** | al-Shāṭibī (*al-Muwāfaqāt fī uṣūl al-sharī`ah*) |
| **799** | Ibn Farhūd (*al-Dībāj al-mudhahhab*) |
| **808** | Ibn Khaldūn (Historian, philosopher, sociologist; author of *al-Muqaddimah*) |
| **833** | Ibn al-Jazarī (*Ghāyat al-nihāyah fī ṭabaqāt al-qurrā’*) |
| **836** | Aḥmad Ibn al-Mutawwaj al-Baḥrānī (*al-Nāsikh wa’l-mansūkh*) |
| **840** | Aḥmad Ibn Yaḥyā Ibn al-Murtaḍā (*al-Baḥr al-zakhkhār*) |
| **845** | Ibn Sa`d (*al-Ṭabaqāt*) |
| **852** | Ibn Ḥajar (*Fatḥ al-bārī fī sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-bukhārī*) |
| **853** | Muḥammad al-Rā`ī al-Andalusī (*Intiṣār al-faqīr*) |
| **864** | Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī (*Tafsīr al-jalālayn*) |
| **883** | Aḥmad Ibn Ismā`īl al-Abshīṭī (*al-Nāsikh wa-’l-mansūkh*) |
| **911** | al-Ṣamhūdī (*Wafā’ al-wafā’ bi-akhbār dār al-muṣṭafā*) |
| **911** | Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī (*Tafsīr*) |
| **1004** | al-Ramlī (*Nihāyat al-muḥtāj ilā sharḥ al-minhāj*) |
| **1025** | Ibn al-Qāḍī (*Jadhwat al-iqtibās*) |
| **1032** | Aḥmad Bābā al-Tinbuktī (*Nayl al-ibtihāj bi taṭrīz al-dībāj*) |
| **1033** | al-Karmī (author on *naskh*) |
| **1089** | Ibn al-`Imād (*Shadharāt al-dhahab*) |
| **1101** | al-Khirshī (*Sharḥ al-khirshī `alā mukhtaṣar al-khalīl*) |
| **1104** | Muḥammad Ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ḥurr al-`Āmilī (Wasā’il al-shī`*ah*) |
| **1122** | al-Zurqānī (Egyptian scholar who commented on the *Muwaṭṭa’*) |
| **1190** | `Aṭiyyat Allāh Ibn`Aṭiyyah al-Ajhūrī (*Irshād al-raḥmān*) |

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